The way you get your J-license depends on where you are. Compared to friends in other prefectures, I think Chiba's procedures are quite good, but kill your wallet whether you pass on the first try or not.
Basically you go there from 8-8:30 or 1-1:30 (I dunno why but the window only accepts paperwork for those times only), give them your paper work and identification, then they give you an application, then you fill it out and show them, then they tell you to go across the hall and buy 2000円 worth of stamps. Then you turn it back into them and schedule your appointment, which can't be on the next day. So basically, you use a whole day just to turn in the application.
The next day, you bring your paper work again, and you go and take your test.
The test is done on a closed course, with a set route. They pretty much test you to see how well you follow JAPANESE rules(aka the way the proctor wants you to drive, which may vary). Supposedly, I didn't follow Japanese rules, so I failed....it was a sad day in the Lamb household. I failed an automatic transmission driving test despite having 10 years of driving experience IN CALIFORINIA, might I add >.<
Anyway, if you pass, you pay another 2000円 or so to get the license. lol
BTW, it costs me 6000円 for a round trip ticket from the inaka, every time. Every time I fail, it's a deep blow to my wallet....